Hepatitis C : The Silent Epidemic Essay -- Health Medical Medicine Ess

Hepatitis C The Silent EpidemicIntroductionDid you devote that over two hundred million people ar give with the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)? Unfortunately it is true, and twenty five dollar bill thousand to a greater extent be infected each year. Out of these victims, three are acquaintances of mine. They are why I chose to research this Silent Epidemic. In this paper you willing non only learn about the virus itself, but excessively ways to recognize and pr purget it. The goal of this is to stay fresh the further interruption of this disease, and furthermore to make you aware of your options if infected.StatisticsHepatitis C affects approximately 1.8% of the population in the U.S. This accounts for nearly 4 million people. And this number is only growing. It has been estimated that twenty five to thirty five thousand new cases are diagnosed each year. What is the Hepatitis C Virus?As you already know, the cells in the body respond to contagion in m both ways. One of these ways is inflammation. Hepatitis C is an inflammation of the liver.However, it does not affect the whole liver at once. The silent epidemic sneaks up slow by causing damage to individual liver cells. This means, HCV progresses slowly over many years.How do you get Hepatitis C There are many risk factors that may lead to the spread the Hepatitis C Virus. In many cases symptoms are not visible until ten or even twenty years after the infection. Since treatments are based on the level of infection, it is important to find this virus as soon as possible. be you at risk? Ask yourself the following questions to find out1.) nurture you received a blood transfusion prior to 1992?2.) Have you had any solid organ transplants, such as your heart, liver, or kidney?3.) Are you on long-term kidney dialysis?4.) Are you a member of the healthcare field, in which you substantiate had exposure to blood?5.) Have you ever used recreational drugs? (Needles? cocain Straws?)6.) Have you ever had high risk sex? (Anal? Multiple Partners?)7.) Do you have a tattoo or body piercing? 8.) Do you live with, or have incessant contact with an infected soul? If so, do you share nail clippers, razors, or toothbrushes?If you have answered yes to any of these questions, you are at a risk for having Hepatitis C. So now what can you do?Diagnosing Hepatitis CIf you feel you may have been exposed t... ...ribavirinRibavirin is a contraceptive pill which is used along with alpha-interferon. It has been proven that this pill helps the alpha-interferon to work better. Patients who choose to take this pill are prescribed several(prenominal) pills a day. These pills must be take everyday along with regular alpha-interferon injections to positively affect the body.Goals of treatmentThere are two prefatory goals of HCV treatment. The first goal is to have a sustained virologic response. This means that the virus will remain at an undetectable in the blood for 6 or more months after treatment. The second goal is an improved histological response. An example of this is the decrease of liver inflammation, and the reduction of scarring of the liver.ConclusionHepatitis C is a silent epidemic. There is no vaccination, and no cure. The only way to prevent the spread of this disease is to be aware of your surroundings, and practice a easy way of living. Although there is treatment for Hepatitis C, it is a painful disease in its later stages. If you feel you have been exposed, please, do not hesitate to have yourself tested. The Hepatitis C Virus is, and will remain, a threat to your life.

Family Heritage In Everyday Use Essay -- Everyday Use Alice Walker Ess

Family Heritage In terrene UseIn Alice Walkers Everyday Use, the message approximately the preservation of heritage, specifically Afro-American heritage, is very dismiss. It is writ large that Walker believes that a persons heritage should be a living, dynamic vocalisation of the culture from which it arose and not a frozen timepiece just to be observed from a distance. There be two main approaches to heritage preservation depicted by the characters in this story. The narrator, a middle-aged Afro-American woman, and her youngest daughter Maggie, be in agreement with Walker. To them, their family heritage is everything around them that is twisting in their everyday lives and everything that was involved in the lives of their ancestors. To Dee, the narrators oldest daughter, heritage is the past - something to mold or hang on the ring, a mere artistic, aesthetic monitor of her family history. Walker depicts Dees view of family heritage as being one of amazement and lack of understanding. The differences in attitude that Dee and Maggie portray about their heritage are seen early in the story. When the familys house burned down ten or twelve years ago, Maggie was deeply affected by the tragedy of losing her office where she grew up. As her mother describes, She has been like this, chin on chest, eyes on terms, feet in shuffle, ever since the fire that burned the other house to the ground (409). Dee, on the other hand, had hated the house. Her mother had wanted to ask her, wherefore dont you dance around the ashes? (409). Dee did not assert any significance in the home where she had grown up. In her confusion about her heritage, it was just a house to her. Another example of Dees confusion about her own African-American heritage is expressed when she announces to her mother and sister that she has changed her name to Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo. When her mother questions her about the change, Dee says, I couldnt bear it any longer being named after the large number who oppress me (411). According to her mother, the name has been in the family since before the Civil state of war and most likely represents family unity to her. However, Dee does not realize that. Apparently, she believes that by changing her name she is expressing solidarity with her African ancestors and rejecting the oppression implied by the taking on of American names by black slaves.Commenting ... ...tage (413). That comment is somewhat ironic since it appears to be Dee who does not understand what family heritage is all about. Walkers view is very clear at the end of the story. By Dee wanting to hang the family heirloom on the wall to look at from a distance, she is alienating herself from her family heritage. That is exactly what Walker thinks is the ill-timed thing to do. Walker would prefer the quilts to be used and integrated into mundane life, like Maggie and her mother prefer. The same idea applies to all of the other mansion items that Dee ha s her eye on the churn top, the dasher, and the benches for the table that her daddy made. They all are a part of life for Maggie and her mother. Walker believes that the only value that they hold for Dee is that they would be good trinkets to show off in her house. By victimisation the quilts in this symbolic way, Walker is making the point that family heirlooms can only have meaning if they remain connected to the culture they sprang from - in essence, to be put to Everyday Use. Works CitedWalker, Alice. Everyday Use. Robert DiYanni, ed. Literature Reading Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. sixth ed. Boston McGraw-Hill, 2007.

What Seem to Be the Most Important Thing Lead to Success of Apple

What seem to be the most important things pencil ternion to the success of this gild? apple did not come by its render success easily. Before the ipad, iphone and ipod became profitable icons of high-tech fashion, Steve Jobs do suffered a dour series of failures. For many years, there were serious doubts if apple could survive the battles it was losing to competitors similar Microsoft. In contrast, Apple is now expected to sell 30million ipads in 2011, two-thirds of any tablet computers sold globally. Question is, how did a struggling gild require so successful?What seem to be the most important things that lead to the success of this company? If you take a look at the Apples strategies, its actually pretty simple and straight forward. prime(prenominal) of all, Apple lets the others fail introductory, so that it bum learn from the mistake. Although to be the firstly mover is great, but it can after be an impairment. Its mixture of like buying a new model of car the fi rst year its available but you will probably concord to deal with the unforeseen problems although you might think that it will be nicer if you can have it first.Apple using this strategy to learn an experience from the failure spell not wasting any times and money. Second, Steve Jobs also recognize his testify team for the successful of the product. You whitethorn take a look at any major product announcement. At the end of the announcement, Steve Jobs always convey the team leader and usually asked those who worked on the product to stand up. This may increase the employees loyalty to the company, and make them proud of themselves and they will be mre hardworking in helping their company to become success.Third, Apple company focus on the few to sell to many which means that sort of of trying to match every fringe taste or merchandise niche, Apple decided to focuses on just a few products in each category. With time and money, Apple strives to make each item in its relative ly small stable as perfect as possible. In which help to differentiate the products and build the customer loyalty, and also help Apple to develop a better products compare to other products that trying to satisfy every fringe taste. In contrast, Apples success is impelled less by the companys products and more by the companys marketing and business strategies.

Private Tuition Essay

It is now fashionable for many Malayan students to go for cloak-and-dagger instruction. In fact, most students feel insecure if they do non have extra development after school. Isnt that rig?Extra tuition may be necessary for approximately of you. For example, some of you are weak in mathematics. Without help, you may be left behind. some of you are in classes which are large. Your teacher canfulnot give special prudence to weak students but your private tutors can.Some teachers may seem unapproachable. light students feel afraid to ask questions. They do not want to go out stupid. In a small tuition group such students may feel confident. Tutors can also afford to be more(prenominal) diligent and allow students to take their sequence. They do not have to worry almost completing the syllabus.Not all teachers are experts in their subjects. Unfortunately, you cannot choose your teachers. On the other hand, you can shop around for good tutors recommended by friends. Yo u can also change tutors whom you find unsatisfactory. However, not all tutors either. Nowadays spick-and-span graduates join tuition centres while waiting for other jobs. They are not trained teachers. They leave when they find something better to do. They are not daunted about completing the syllabus before the resign, so be careful.In addition, tuition centre exist to make a profit. Classes are a lot large there may be as many as 20 to a class. This means you pay for individual attention but do not get it. They have also been cases of tuition centres shutting after having collected fees in advance.Finally, extra tuition takes up excessively much of a students time. A lot of time is wasted on travelling to and from the tuition centre. Some of you treat tuition classes as social gatherings. You can actually use your time more profitably on hobbies or personal change. After attending tuition classes, you may be too tired to do your homework or your school work.If you pay attent ion in class and do your revision regularly there is no need for extra tuition. The money you would accomplish could be used to buy revision books or put a side for furthering your education in the future. Personally I feel private tuition is a waste of hard-earned money.

Pearl Harbor: A Day of Infamy By Chris Smith World War II

astragal cherish A Day of Infamy By Chris smith World struggle remotee II altered the face of the Statesn storey forever. This universe a contend the unite States was greatly against and never evaluated to destroy, They were thrust into the struggle by a brutal eruption from the lacquerese on a Navel introduction located in the peaceful naval on the island Oahu in what is c wholeed cliff foster. This endeavor on the inst each(prenominal) was a direct fervidness against the coupled States and gave the States no alternative only if to disgrace the contendfare they were origin every last(predicate)y so opposed to, or were they? Did the American g every proposenment know that the lacquerese were planning an clap?Did the get together States solelyow the Nipp superstarse kill and wound several thousand Americans and subside and ill- aim several mari sentence ships altogether for a reason to enter a contend our chairperson presbyopiced to be a part of ? Those questions on with several more than drive home been raised by authors and thinkers through harbor away chronicle. These questions a farsighted with several more go away be examined in depth passim this writing. The thesis of this paper is as follows, On declination 7, 1941 The united States of America changed forever with japans awe f on the whole upons on the U. S.Navel base in osseous tissue accommodate, Hawaii. These t ane-beginnings thrust the join States into the shopping centre of the flake World contend and raised many questions and conspiracies pertaining to prior noesis of the dishonors and the plans that the Nipp superstarse executed. First, the anticipation of struggle exclusivelyow for be discussed and the yetts leading to endeavour. bitly, the process that the japanese went through pass on be discussed, from the year of planning to the secretive douse of their striking vehemence also their already obvious aggression displayed by the violation of China.Another exclusively-important(a) piece to this puzzle is the three-party pact sign(a) by lacquer to make them apart of the Axis queens. Also the Nipp iodinese fleet and how they were employ and coordinated in this labialise go away play a live part in this description of this de colossalating gust. Finally the question will be addressed of whether we were a state of contendfarefaree of the exertions in advance and discuss the junto theories surrounding this hot yetton issue in World state of strugglefare II history. Tensions between japan and the get together States increased greatly at the start of the troops orientedShowa era, as japanese nationalists and armed services leading implementd escalating trance all over spend a pennyment policy, accepting the creation of aGreater tocopherol Asia allianceas part of japans alleged worshipful rightto unify all of Asia underEmperor Showas rule, bratening the already- pissed American, Fre nch, British, and Dutch colonies located in Asia. i Through stunned the 1930s, Japans increasing expansion policies got them into conflicts with its neighbors, Russia and Chinaii .In March of 1933, Japan re h superannuated outd itself from the unify of Nationsbecause of international displease for its desire to conquer Manchuriaand for their plans to establish theManchukuopuppet political relation. On January 15, 1936, Japan also re printd representatives from theSecond capital of the fall in Kingdom marine disarmament Conferenceiiibecause the joined States and Great Britain did not want to appropriate theImperial Japanese dark blue(IJN) parity with their navies. iv Asecond warbetween the Japanese and Chinese started with theMarco Polo Bridge Incidentin July 1937v.Japans coming on China was looked down upon by the united States and the study(ip)ity of the members of the alliance of Nations including Britain, France, Australia, and the Netherlands. The crimes of the Japanese during the conflict such as the Rape of Nankingvi, definitely do relations with the rest of the world very strained. These states had several interests, as sanitary as formal colonies, in the einsteiniumandSoutheast Asia. Japans new provide and its urge to use it raised great concerns, which scourgeened the control they had in Asia.In July of 1939, the join States got rid of its 1911 commercial treaty with Japan, provided this feat failed to h aged in Japan from continuing the war in China, or from signing the many-sided pledgein 1940 withHitlers Germanyand Italy, falseicially forming theAxis Powers. Japan took in effect(p) advantage of Germanys war in Europe to better its get up in the Far easterly. The Tripartite covenant promised each of the nations that had sign(a) would view as assistance if attacked by any country consequently considered neutral. This stipulation was direct at the linked States, and gave Japan more power on the policy-making stage.The Trip artite Pact now posed a great threat to the united States on both the Atlantic and peace fit coasts. Hitler and Mussolini threatening on the Atlantic Ocean, and the Japanese on the peaceful Ocean. The Roosevelt administration felt theAmerican lifestylewould be threatened if Europe and the Far eastward were to recognize under control of a dictatorship. Roosevelt pledged to help the British and the Chinese he loaned both money andmaterialsto both countries and promised that America aid would be enough to promise their survival of war. Giving this aid would start to move the United States from a neutral country to a country preparing for war.On October 8, 1940, admiralJames O. Richardson, who was the commander of the peace fitted Fleet, traced a confrontation with chairwoman Roosevelt, resending his messages from previous transmissions toChief of oceanic Operations wide-eyed admiralHarold R. Starkand to secretarial assistant of the dark blueFrank Knox, that drop- come to obt ain was the be best protrude for his ships to be located. Roosevelt told Richardson that having that fleet in gather take hold was a restraining site on the Japanese. Richardson asked the chairperson if the United States was going to war. vii In Richardsons retelling of the account the chairwoman responded At least as early as October 8, 1940, electric chair Roosevelt believed that personal business had reached such a state that the United States would be fill out conundrumatical in a war with Japan. that if the Japanese attacked Thailand, or the Kra Peninsula, or the Dutch East Indies we would not enter the war, that if they as yet attacked the Philippines he disbelieveed whether we would enter the war, precisely that they (the Japanese) could not always avoid making mistakes and that as the war go on and that area of trading operations expanded sooner of later they would make a mistake and we would enter the war. . viii In 1940, Japanese troops moved into nitro genwestwarderlyIndochina. The assault of Indochina, along with the Tripartite Pact, their war in China, increasing troops, and Japans sledding the League of Nations make the U. S. embargo metal that was organism shipped to Japan and to change down its foreign policy actions towards the Japanese and shut down thestraw hat Canalto Japanese ships. In 1941, Japanese troops invaded southern Indochina.On July 26 1941 the United States answered by freezing most Japanese assets in the United States and, so on August 1 1941, placed embargos on all of the rock oil and gas exports to Japan. Oil was the most important resource trade to Japan at the clipping more than 80 percent of Japans oil imports came from the United States. To make current they had oil, and several other lively resources, the Japanese had long been looking for other places for their supplies, specifically in theDutch East Indies.The Navy was trustworthy any plan of action to seize the Dutch East Indies would brin g the United States into the war and were very skeptical when it came small-arm to agree with the other factions plans for the invasion. The release United States oil embargo changed to the marine view to support the expansion toward support for the invasion of the Dutch East Indies and trip up of all of the oil fields there. After the embargoes and the freezing of all assets, the Ambassador of Japan in uppercase and the secretary of State Cordell hull had multiple meetings to try and find a solution to the Japanese-American difficultys.No solution could be found because of three major problems which were Japans alliance to Germany and Italy through the Tripartite Pact Japan precious total control and responsibility for Southeast Asia and Japan ref apply to leave China. Feeling the strain from the U. S. embargoes, Japan highly- true a mavin of urgency, they either had to agree to working capitals demands and return to normal trade, or use military posture to gain access to resources that were available throughout the Pacific.Deciding that agreeing to Washingtons demands was unaccepted The Japanese decided to prepare for war with the United States, and seeing the prospect of the forward basing of theUS Pacific Fleetat garner declare, the Japanese began to plan in early 1941 for an attack on Pearl Harbor. For the adjoining several months, planning a simultaneous attack on Pearl Harbor and invasion of British and Dutch colonies in the South Pacific occupied most of the Japanese age and attention.The Pearl Harbor attack planning came from the Japanese predicting that the United States would be drawn into the war subsequentlyward the Japanese attacked Malaya and Singapore. The intent of a strike on Pearl Harbor was to negate the American navy in the Pacific, in turn removing it from dictating operations against American, British, and Dutch colonies in the South Pacific. Planning in the beginning had seen a battle between the two powers would take place in Japanese wet later the United States Navel Fleet traveled crossways the Pacific Ocean, which would dress under attack by submarines and other abilitys all the way crossways.The United States Fleet would be beaten in a climactic battle. A impress attack presented a difficult problem for two major reasons. First, the United States Pacific Fleet was a major issue, and they would not be a pushover to defeat or dislocate up on. Second, for an air attack, Pearl Harbors shallow amniotic fluid made the use of standardair-dropped torpedoesuse little. On the bright side, the isolation of the island of Hawaii flirt witht that a amazement attack could not be snap offped or countered quickly by persuasivenesss stationed in the continental United States.A lot of Japans marine officers were very impressed with the BritishOperation Judgement, where twenty one old and outdatedFairey Swordfishcrippled half of theRegia Marina. full admiral Yamamoto went as far as sending a fo reign mission to Italy, which decided that a indication of Cunninghams strike on a much larger scale could force the United States Pacific Fleet to have to return to bases in California, which would join the Japanese time to put a barrier defense in place to defend the Japanese control of the Dutch East Indies.The military mission returned from Italy with information on how the Cunningham engineers devised shallow-running torpedoes. Japans navel planners were without a query influenced by admiralTogos impress attack that was executed on the Pacific Fleet of Russiaat Port Arthur in 1905, and also they were influenced by U. S. AdmiralHarry Yarnells work in the 1932 joint Army-Navy exercises, which was utilize to simulate an invasion of the island of Hawaii. Yarnell, as the leader of the force that was attacking the island, placed his aircraft carriers northwest f Oahu and simulated an air attack. The umpires of the exercises noted that Yarnells aircraft were able to impose serio us legal injury on the defending team, who for 24 hours afterwards the attack were not able to find his team. In a letter that was written on January 7, 1941 Yamamoto ultimately delivered a somewhat rough draft of his plan toKoshiro Oikawa, then Navy Minister, who he also asked that he be made Commander in Chief of the air fleet to carry out the bewilderment attack on Pearl Harbor.A couple of weeks later in another letter, this time sent toTakijiro Onishi, chief of staff of the Eleventh way Fleet, Yamamoto asked Onishi to study the true ability successfully carrying out an attack against the American base. After communicate withKosei Maeda originally, an expert on aerial torpedo warfare, and being told that harbors shallow waters made an attack of this nature very close to impossible Onsihi then sought the advice of Commanderand planner Minoru Genda.Once Genda studied the original plan issued by Yamamoto, Genda said the plan is difficult but not impossible. During the follo wing couple weeks, Genda made some changes to Yamamotos rough draft of the attack, stressing the importance of the attack being executed early in the morning and in transact secrecy, using an aircraft carrier fleet and many different types of bombing. ixAlthough bombing the United States Pacific Fleet objet dart they were anchored in Pearl Harbor would be a bewilderment, it also had two large flaws The ships that would be targeted would be drop or damaged in the shallow water waters of the harbor, which would rigorous that they could possibly be salvaged and possibly returned to duty (as six of the eight battleships last were) and most of the crews would be able to live through the attack, since the majority would be on leavewhich means they would be on shore or that most could be easily rescued from the harbor after the attack took place.Despite these concerns, Yamamoto and Genda pressed ahead. By April of 1941, the plan to attack Pearl Harbor began to be referred to asOperat ion Z, named after the famous Z signal attached by Admiral Togo at Tsushima. Throughout the summer of 1941 leading up to the attack, pilots were training in secret nearKagoshima Cityon the Japanese island ofKyushu. Genda chose this location because the geography and infrastructure of Kagoshima City presented almost all of the uniform problems bombers would have to over get on during the attack on Pearl Harbor.In training, each outflow crew navigated over the 5000-foot mountain behind Kagoshima City and dropped into the city, maneuvering around buildings earlier descending to an altitude of 25 feet at the oceans edge. Bombardiers dropped torpedoes at some three hundred yards away. The skimming of the water did not fix the problem of torpedoes hitting the ocean floor in the shallow waters of Pearl Harbor. Japanese engineers developed modifications allowing successful shallow water drops. The engineers work turned out to be a heavily modified recitation of theType 91 torpedo,whic h turned out to inflict most of the damage to ships during the attack.Japanese weapon engineers also developed finicalarmor-piercing bombswith fitted fins and release shackles to 14 and 16inch oceanic shells. These were able to penetrate the more lightly armored decks of the older battleships still in service. On November 26, 1941, a JapaneseStriking Force of six aircraft carriers (Akagi, Kaga,Soryu,Hiryu,Shokaku, andZuikaku) left Japanheadingto a predetermined position that was northwest of Hawaii, with the intention to arrange its planes to execute the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor.A total of 408 aircraft were divinatory to be used in the attack 360 for the two attack waves, 48 on defensivecombat air patrol(CAP), including nine fighters that would servicing double duty on CAP and the underlying attack wave. The premiere wave was going to be the major attack, with the second wave circumstances as a way to finish whatever objectives remained to be expeld. The commencem ent wave featured the majority of the weapons to attackcapital ships mainly the modifiedly adaptedType 91aerial torpedoesthat we discussed earlier. xThe attack crews were told to pick the highest measure targets such as battleships andaircraft carriers or, if they were not available, any other high write ships like cruisers and destroyers. The dive bomberswere evidence to attack ground targets. Fighter pilots were told to attack and destroy as many grounded aircraft as possible to make sure they did not get into the air to attack the bombers, specifically during the graduation exercise wave. When the planes sack got low they were erected to return to the aircraft carriers to re raise, then immediately return to the attack.Fighters were enjoin to give ear CAP duties when needed, e particularly over the US airfields where the United States planes were grounded. in the beginning the attack began, two aircraftswere launched from cruisers were sent to scout and gain informati on over Oahu and report on the composition of the fleet and their exact location. Another quad planes scouted the area between the Japanese carrier force in order to prevent the task force from being caught by a surprise counterattack. xi The attack on Pearl Harbor echtly took place sooner any formal declaration of war was made by Japan, but it was not the Admirals intention to do this.He originally utter that the attack should not take place until at least cardinal minutes after Japan had formally notified the United States that negotiations for peace had come to a close. xiiThe Japanese tried to play by the rules of war while still making the attack a surprise, but the attack began in the first place the notice could be delivered and translated. Japan sent the 5,000-word declairation of war (commonly called the 14-Part Message) in two sections to theJapanese Embassy in Washington, but translating the message took too long for it to be delivered in time. In fact, U. S. code breakers had already decrypt and translated most of the message hours to begin with he was scheduled to deliver it. ). The last-place exam part of the 14 Part Message is what some call the certain declaration of war. While it did not declare war nor did it end diplomatic relations, it was viewed by a large number of senior U. S government officials as a very strong indication that negotiations were likely throughand that war was going to erupt at any moment.A declaration of war from Japan was printed on the front page of Japans newspapers in the evening sport of celestial latitude 8,but it was not delivered to the United States government until the day after the attack had already taken place. The first attack wave consisted of 183 planes that were launched north of Oahu, led by Commander Mitsuo Fuchida. It included ? 1st Group(targets battleships and aircraft carriers) ? 50Nakajima B5NKatebombers gird with 800kg (1760lb)armor piercing bombs, organized in quaternionsome se ctions ? 40 B5N bombers fortify withType 91 torpedoes, also in quartet sections ? nd Group (targets track IslandandWheeler Field) ? 54Aichi D3AValdive bombers armed with 550lb (249kg)general purpose bombs ? 3rd Group (targets aircraft at track Island, Hickam Field, Wheeler Field, Barbers Point, Kaneohe) ? 45Mitsubishi A6MZekefighters for air control andstrafing ? six-spot planes failed to launch due to skilful foul difficulties. xiii The second wave was 171 planes 54 B5Ns, 81 D3As, and 36 A6Ms, led by LieutenantShigekazu Shimazaki. Four of the planes failed to launch because of technical difficulties.This wave and its targets comprised ? 1st Group 54 B5Ns armed with 550lb (249kg) and 132lb (60kg) general purpose bombs ? 27 B5Ns aircraft and hangars on Kaneohe, Ford Island, and Barbers Point ? 27 B5Ns hangars and aircraft on Hickam Field ? second Group(targets aircraft carriers and cruisers) ? 81 D3As armed with 550lb (249kg) general purpose bombs, in quadruple sections ? 3rd Group (targets aircraft at Ford Island, Hickam Field, Wheeler Field, Barbers Point, Kaneohe) ? 36 A6Ms for defense and strafingxiv The United States suffered great losses all eight U. S. Navy battleships were damaged, with 4 being drop. Of the eight damaged six were raised, repaired and returned to service later in the war. The Japanese also sank or damaged three cruisers, threedestroyers, an anti-aircraft training ship,and oneminelayer. 188 U. S. aircraft were destroyed 2,402 Americans were killedand 1,282 wounded. The power station, shipyard, maintenance, and fuel and torpedo storage facilities, as come up as the submarine piers and headquarters building (also home of theintelligence section) were not attacked. xv Japanese losses were light 29 aircraft and fivemidget submarineslost, and 65 servicemen killed or wounded. One Japanese sailorwas sufferd. xvi After the attack, 15Medals of Honor, 51Navy Crosses, 53Silver Stars, fourNavy and Marine corps Medals, oneDistinguished Fly ing Cross, fourDistinguished Service Crosses, one Distinguished Service Medal, and threeBronze Star Medalswere awarded to the American military men who served in combat at Pearl Harbor. xviiAlso, a limited award, thePearl Harbor Commemorative Medal, was later made and given(p) to all military veterans of the attack. The day following the attack, Roosevelt gave his now famousInfamy lyricto a peg Session of Congress, calling for adeclaration of war on the Empire of Japan. Congress established this request in less(prenominal) than an hour. On celestial latitude 11 1941 Germany and Italy, honoring the Tripartite Pact, declared war on the United States. The United States Congress issued a declaration of war later the uniform day against Germany and Italy.Britain declared war on the Japanese some nine hours onwards the United States did, mostly because of the Japanese attacks on Malaya, Singapore and Hong Kong, and also due to the promise that Winston Churchill made to declare war w ithin the hour if the Japanese executed an attack against the United States. The attack was a huge shock to the Allies in the Pacific Theater. much losses made the setback even more alarming. Japanattacked the Philippines only a few shorthours later but because of the time difference, it was declination 8 in the Philippines.Just a few days after the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, thePrince of WalesandRepulse,which were two British ships, were sunkoff the coast ofMalaya, British Prime MinisterWinston Churchilllater said In all the war I never received a more direct shock. As I turned and twisted in crawl in the full horror of the news sank in upon me. There were no British or American capital ships in theIndian Oceanor thePacificexcept the American survivors of Pearl Harbor who were hastening back to California.Over this huge expanse of waters Japan was supreme and we everywhere were weak and sore. xviii During the rest of the war, Pearl Harbor was very often used withAmerica n propaganda to promote the war. Another huge reaction by America because of the attacks on Pearl Harbor was that most of the Japanese American residents and citizens were relocated to Japanese-American imprisonmentcamps. Just a few short hours after the attack, hundreds of Japanese American leading were arrested and brought to high-security camps that likeSand Islandand Kilauea Military Camplocated in Hawaii.Later, over 110,000 Japanese Americans, this includes United States citizens, were yanked from their homes and transferred to these high security incarceration camps in California, Idaho, Utah, Arizona, Wyoming, Colorado, and Arkansas. xix As was discussed previously discussed, was America aware of the plans of the attack? Several theorists gaint accept the view that Pearl Harbor was a blast surprise and these theorists always make clear that Roosevelt wanted, though did not hypothesise so officially, the U. S. to play a part in the war against Germany.A staple grip of th e policy-making situation of 1941 displays reasonable evidence Roosevelt invited, allowed, or even knew of the Pearl Harbor attack. Military historian and novelistThomas Flemingposes the argument that prexy Roosevelt himself, had wished that Germany or Japan would make the first blow, but did not prognosticate the United States to be hit as hard as it was in the attack on Pearl Harbor. xx In closing I odour that the United States was aware of this devastating attack and that my thesis of On December 7, 1941 The United States of America changed forever with Japans surprise attacks on the U.S. Navel base in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. These attacks thrust the United States into the set of the Second World contend and raised many questions and conspiracies pertaining to prior familiarity of the attacks and the plans that the Japanese executed. was closely covered through out duration of this research. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212 i The effort to establish the Imperial Way (ko do) had begun with theSecond Sino-Japanese contend(calledsei???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? sen, or sanctified war, by Japan). Bix, Herbert,Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan, 2001, p. 326-327. ii Japan had fought theFirst Sino-Japanese fightwith China in 1894-95 and the Russo-Japanese Warwith Russia in 1904-05 Japans imperialist ambitions had a reach in precipitating both conflicts. iii The Second capital of the United Kingdom Naval disarming Conference opened inLon assume,United Kingdomon 9 December 1935. It resulted in theSecond London Naval Treatywhich was signed on 25 March 1936. iv Lester H. Brune and Richard Dean Burns,Chronological History of U.S. unconnected Relations 1932-1988, 2003, p. 504. v TheMarco Polo Bridge Incident was abattlebetween thenation of Chinas National Revolutionary Armyand theImperial Japanese Army, often used as the marker f or the start of theSecond Sino-Japanese War (19371945) vi The Rape of Nanking was amass murder, andwar rapethat occurred during the six-week period following the Japanesecaptureof the city ofNanking, the former capital of the democracy of China, on December 13, 1937 during theSecond Sino-Japanese War. vii control stick Congressional Hearings on the Pearl Harbor Attack, Part 40, rascal 506, Conclusions Restated With Supporting Evidence viii Richardson, On the Treadmill, pp. 425, 434. And as recounted in Baker, gay Smoke, p. 239 ix Prange, Gordon,At Dawn We Slept, Penguin Books, p. 25-27 x Peattie, Mark R. (2001),Sunburst The Rise of Japanese Naval lineage Power, 19091941, Naval Institute Press xi Tony DiGiulian. monastic order of Battle Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941. Navweaps. com. Retrieved 2012-02-17. xii Calvocoressiet al. ,The Penguin History of the Second World War, p. 52 xiii Prange. p. 102 xiv Prange. p. 102 xv encompassing Pearl Harbor casualty list. Usswestvirginia. org. Retrieved 2012-02-17. xvi copious Pearl Harbor casualty list. Usswestvirginia. org. Retrieved 2012-02-17. xvii Prange. p. 454 xviii Churchill, Winston Martin gigabyte (2001),December 1941,The Churchill War Papers The Ever-Widening War, lot 3 1941, London, New York W. W. Norton, p 15931594, xix Prange. p. 632 xx Fleming, Thomas (2001-06-10). Pearl Harbor sparking plug. History News Network. Retrieved 2012-02-21. Bibliography PrimaryBurtness, Paul, and Warren Ober. President Roosevelt, Admiral Stark, and the unsent Warning to Pearl Harbor A Research Note.. Australian diary of Politics & History. 57. no. 4 (2011) 580-88. http//web. ebscohost. com. proxy. ohiolink. edu9099/ehost/detail? vid=4&hid=113&email&160protected&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ==, Retrieved 2012-02-21 Attack At Pearl Harbor, 1941, the Japanese View EyeWitness to History, www. eyewitnesstohistory. com (2001). Retrieved 2012-03-01 Harriet Moore, (U. S. Army Nurse corps second Lt. , interview by Er ica Warren, Army nurse recalls attack on Pearl Harbor,North County Times, December 7, 2003, January 31, 2012, http//www. nctimes. com/news/local/article_85b4ea10-e9c2-5af7-8e74-deddc726aa5b. html. Conn, Stetson Fairchild, Byron Engelman, locomote C. (2000),7 The Attack on Pearl Harbor,Guarding the United States and Its Outposts, Washington D. C. Center of Military History United States Army Damage to United States Naval Forces and Installations as a Result of the Attack,Report of the Joint Committee on the Investigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack, Washington D.C. United States Government Printing Office, 1946, retrieved 2012-02-08 US Navy Report of Japanese fall apart on Pearl Harbor, United States National Archives, Modern Military Branch, 1942 Churchill, Winston Martin sarin (2001),December 1941,The Churchill War Papers The Ever-Widening War, great deal 3 1941, London, New York W. W. Norton, p 15931594, Joint Congressional Hearings on the Pearl Harbor Attack, Part 40, scala wag 506, Conclusions Restated With Supporting Evidence Secondary Bix, Herbert,Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan, 2001, p. 326-327. Prange, Gordon.At Dawn We Slept The untold Story of Pearl Harbor. New York McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1981. Fleming, Thomas (2001-06-10). Pearl Harbor hype. History News Network. Retrieved 2012-02-21. Richardson, On the Treadmill, pp. 425, 434. And as recounted in Baker, homosexual Smoke Peattie, Mark R. (2001),Sunburst The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power, 19091941, Naval Institute Press Calvocoressiet al. ,The Penguin History of the Second World War, p. 952 Tony DiGiulian. bon ton of Battle Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941. Navweaps. com. Retrieved 2012-02-17.Pearl Harbor A Day of Infamy By Chris metalworker World War IIPearl Harbor A Day of Infamy By Chris Smith World War II altered the face of American history forever. This being a war the United States was greatly against and never wanted to enter, They were thrust into the war by a brutal at tack from the Japanese on a Navel base located in the pacific ocean on the island Oahu in what is called Pearl Harbor. This attack on the base was a direct attack against the United States and gave America no alternative but to enter the war they were originally so opposed to, or were they? Did the American government know that the Japanese were planning an attack?Did the United States allow the Japanese kill and wound several thousand Americans and decide and damage several naval ships all for a reason to enter a war our President longed to be a part of? Those questions along with several more have been raised by authors and thinkers throughout history. These questions along with several more will be examined in depth throughout this writing. The thesis of this paper is as follows, On December 7, 1941 The United States of America changed forever with Japans surprise attacks on the U. S.Navel base in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. These attacks thrust the United States into the middle of the Second World War and raised many questions and conspiracies pertaining to prior knowledge of the attacks and the plans that the Japanese executed. First, the anticipation of war will be discussed and the events leading to attack. Secondly, the process that the Japanese went through will be discussed, from the year of planning to the secretive launch of their striking force also their already obvious aggression displayed by the invasion of China.Another polar piece to this puzzle is the Tripartite pact signed by Japan to make them apart of the Axis powers. Also the Japanese fleet and how they were use and coordinated in this attack will play a vital part in this description of this devastating attack. Finally the question will be addressed of whether we were aware of the attacks in advance and discuss the conspiracy theories surrounding this hot button issue in World War II history. Tensions between Japan and the United States increased greatly at the start of the military or ientedShowa era, as Japanese nationalists and military leaders used escalating influence over government policy, accepting the creation of aGreater East Asia allianceas part of Japans alleged manufacturer rightto unify all of Asia underEmperor Showas rule,threatening the already-established American, French, British, and Dutch colonies located in Asia. i Throughout the 1930s, Japans increasing expansion policies got them into conflicts with its neighbors, Russia and Chinaii .In March of 1933, Japan removed itself from theLeague of Nationsbecause of international displease for its desire to conquer Manchuriaand for their plans to establish theManchukuopuppet government. On January 15, 1936, Japan also removed representatives from theSecond London Naval Disarmament Conferenceiiibecause the United States and Great Britain did not want to grant theImperial Japanese Navy(IJN) parity with their navies. iv Asecond warbetween the Japanese and Chinese started with theMarco Polo Bridge Incid entin July 1937v.Japans attack on China was looked down upon by the United States and the majority of the members of the League of Nations including Britain, France, Australia, and the Netherlands. The crimes of the Japanese during the conflict such as the Rape of Nankingvi, definitely made relations with the rest of the world very strained. These states had several interests, as closely as formal colonies, in the EastandSoutheast Asia. Japans new power and its urge to use it raised great concerns, which threatened the control they had in Asia.In July of 1939, the United States got rid of its 1911 commercial treaty with Japan, but this effort failed to stop Japan from continuing the war in China, or from signing theTripartite Pactin 1940 withHitlers Germanyand Italy, officially forming theAxis Powers. Japan took full advantage of Germanys war in Europe to better its appear in the Far East. The Tripartite Pact promised each of the nations that had signed would have assistance if at tacked by any country then considered neutral. This stipulation was enjoin at the United States, and gave Japan more power on the political stage.The Tripartite Pact now posed a great threat to the United States on both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. Hitler and Mussolini threatening on the Atlantic Ocean, and the Japanese on the Pacific Ocean. The Roosevelt administration felt theAmerican lifestylewould be threatened if Europe and the Far East were to come under control of a dictatorship. Roosevelt pledged to help the British and the Chinese he loaned both money andmaterialsto both countries and promised that America aid would be enough to promise their survival of war. Giving this aid would start to move the United States from a neutral country to a country preparing for war.On October 8, 1940, AdmiralJames O. Richardson, who was the commander of the Pacific Fleet, forced a confrontation with President Roosevelt, resending his messages from previous transmissions toChief of Nava l OperationsAdmiralHarold R. Starkand to deposit of the NavyFrank Knox, that Pearl Harbor was the be best place for his ships to be located. Roosevelt told Richardson that having that fleet in Pearl Harbor was a restraining influence on the Japanese. Richardson asked the president if the United States was going to war. vii In Richardsons retelling of the account the president responded At least as early as October 8, 1940, President Roosevelt believed that affairs had reached such a state that the United States would be come mingled in a war with Japan. that if the Japanese attacked Thailand, or the Kra Peninsula, or the Dutch East Indies we would not enter the war, that if they even attacked the Philippines he doubted whether we would enter the war, but that they (the Japanese) could not always avoid making mistakes and that as the war keep and that area of operations expanded sooner of later they would make a mistake and we would enter the war. . viii In 1940, Japanese troops moved into FederalIndochina. The invasion of Indochina, along with the Tripartite Pact, their war in China, increasing troops, and Japans sledding the League of Nations made the U. S. embargo metal that was being shipped to Japan and to trim down its foreign policy actions towards the Japanese and shut down the waterman Canalto Japanese ships. In 1941, Japanese troops invaded southern Indochina.On July 26 1941 the United States answered by freezing most Japanese assets in the United States and, then on August 1 1941, placed embargos on all of the oil and gas exports to Japan. Oil was the most important resource merc knock overise to Japan at the time more than 80 percent of Japans oil imports came from the United States. To make sure they had oil, and several other vital resources, the Japanese had long been looking for other places for their supplies, specifically in theDutch East Indies.The Navy was sure any plan of action to seize the Dutch East Indies would bring the United States into the war and were very skeptical when it came time to agree with the other factions plans for the invasion. The complete United States oil embargo changed to the naval view to support the expansion toward support for the invasion of the Dutch East Indies and capture of all of the oil fields there. After the embargoes and the freezing of all assets, the Ambassador of Japan in Washington and the secretary of State Cordell hull had multiple meetings to try and find a solution to the Japanese-American problems.No solution could be found because of three major problems which were Japans alliance to Germany and Italy through the Tripartite Pact Japan wanted total control and responsibility for Southeast Asia and Japan refused to leave China. Feeling the strain from the U. S. embargoes, Japan developed a gumption of urgency, they either had to agree to Washingtons demands and return to normal trade, or use force to gain access to resources that were available throughout the Paci fic.Deciding that agreeing to Washingtons demands was unaccepted The Japanese decided to prepare for war with the United States, and seeing the chance of the forward basing of theUS Pacific Fleetat Pearl Harbor, the Japanese began to plan in early 1941 for an attack on Pearl Harbor. For the attached several months, planning a simultaneous attack on Pearl Harbor and invasion of British and Dutch colonies in the South Pacific occupied most of the Japanese time and attention.The Pearl Harbor attack planning came from the Japanese predicting that the United States would be drawn into the war after the Japanese attacked Malaya and Singapore. The intent of a strike on Pearl Harbor was to negate the American navy in the Pacific, in turn removing it from dictating operations against American, British, and Dutch colonies in the South Pacific. Planning in the beginning had seen a battle between the two powers would take place in Japanese waters after the United States Navel Fleet traveled across the Pacific Ocean, which would come under attack by submarines and other forces all the way across.The United States Fleet would be beaten in a climactic battle. A surprise attack presented a difficult problem for two major reasons. First, the United States Pacific Fleet was a major force, and they would not be a pushover to defeat or accost up on. Second, for an air attack, Pearl Harbors shallow waters made the use of standardair-dropped torpedoesuseless. On the bright side, the isolation of the island of Hawaii meant that a surprise attack could not be stopped or countered quickly by forces stationed in the continental United States.A lot of Japans naval officers were very impressed with the BritishOperation Judgement, where twenty one old and outdatedFairey Swordfishcrippled half of theRegia Marina. Admiral Yamamoto went as far as sending a delegation to Italy, which decided that a version of Cunninghams strike on a much larger scale could force the United States Pacific Fleet to have to return to bases in California, which would give the Japanese time to put a barrier defense in place to defend the Japanese control of the Dutch East Indies.The delegation returned from Italy with information on how the Cunningham engineers devised shallow-running torpedoes. Japans navel planners were without a doubt influenced by AdmiralTogos surprise attack that was executed on the Pacific Fleet of Russiaat Port Arthur in 1905, and also they were influenced by U. S. AdmiralHarry Yarnells work in the 1932 joint Army-Navy exercises, which was used to simulate an invasion of the island of Hawaii. Yarnell, as the leader of the force that was attacking the island, placed his aircraft carriers northwest f Oahu and simulated an air attack. The umpires of the exercises noted that Yarnells aircraft were able to impose serious damage on the defending team, who for 24 hours after the attack were not able to find his team. In a letter that was written on January 7, 1941 Yamamo to at long last delivered a somewhat rough draft of his plan toKoshiro Oikawa, then Navy Minister, who he also asked that he be made Commander in Chief of the air fleet to carry out the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor.A couple of weeks later in another letter, this time sent toTakijiro Onishi, chief of staff of the Eleventh Air Fleet, Yamamoto asked Onishi to study the positive ability successfully carrying out an attack against the American base. After oratory withKosei Maeda originally, an expert on aerial torpedo warfare, and being told that harbors shallow waters made an attack of this nature very close to impossible Onsihi then sought the advice of Commanderand planner Minoru Genda.Once Genda studied the original plan issued by Yamamoto, Genda said the plan is difficult but not impossible. During the next couple weeks, Genda made some changes to Yamamotos rough draft of the attack, stressing the importance of the attack being executed early in the morning and in complete sec recy, using an aircraft carrier fleet and many different types of bombing. ixAlthough bombing the United States Pacific Fleet while they were anchored in Pearl Harbor would be a surprise, it also had two large flaws The ships that would be targeted would be sunk or damaged in the shallow water waters of the harbor, which would mean that they could possibly be salvaged and possibly returned to duty (as six of the eight battleships ultimately were) and most of the crews would be able to live through the attack, since the majority would be on leavewhich means they would be on shore or that most could be easily rescued from the harbor after the attack took place.Despite these concerns, Yamamoto and Genda pressed ahead. By April of 1941, the plan to attack Pearl Harbor began to be referred to asOperation Z, named after the famous Z signal given by Admiral Togo at Tsushima. Throughout the summer of 1941 leading up to the attack, pilots were training in secret nearKagoshima Cityon the Jap anese island ofKyushu. Genda chose this location because the geography and infrastructure of Kagoshima City presented almost all of the same problems bombers would have to overcome during the attack on Pearl Harbor.In training, each race crew navigated over the 5000-foot mountain behind Kagoshima City and dropped into the city, maneuvering around buildings in the lead descending to an altitude of 25 feet at the oceans edge. Bombardiers dropped torpedoes at some three hundred yards away. The skimming of the water did not fix the problem of torpedoes hitting the ocean floor in the shallow waters of Pearl Harbor. Japanese engineers developed modifications allowing successful shallow water drops. The engineers work turned out to be a heavily modified version of theType 91 torpedo,which turned out to inflict most of the damage to ships during the attack.Japanese weapon engineers also developed specialarmor-piercing bombswith fitted fins and release shackles to 14 and 16inch naval shel ls. These were able to squeeze the more lightly armored decks of the older battleships still in service. On November 26, 1941, a JapaneseStriking Force of six aircraft carriers (Akagi, Kaga,Soryu,Hiryu,Shokaku, andZuikaku) left Japanheadingto a predetermined position that was northwest of Hawaii, with the intention to launch its planes to execute the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor.A total of 408 aircraft were alleged(a) to be used in the attack 360 for the two attack waves, 48 on defensivecombat air patrol(CAP), including nine fighters that would serve double duty on CAP and the first attack wave. The first wave was going to be the major attack, with the second wave helping as a way to finish whatever objectives remained to be completed. The first wave featured the majority of the weapons to attackcapital ships mainly the curiously adaptedType 91aerial torpedoesthat we discussed earlier. xThe attack crews were told to pick the highest value targets such as battleships andaircra ft carriers or, if they were not available, any other high visibleness ships like cruisers and destroyers. The dive bomberswere ordered to attack ground targets. Fighter pilots were told to strafe and destroy as many grounded aircraft as possible to make sure they did not get into the air to attack the bombers, specifically during the first wave. When the planes fuel got low they were ordered to return to the aircraft carriers to refuel, then immediately return to the attack.Fighters were ordered to serve CAP duties when needed, especially over the US airfields where the United States planes were grounded. in front the attack began, two aircraftswere launched from cruisers were sent to scout and gain information over Oahu and report on the composition of the fleet and their exact location. Another four planes scouted the area between the Japanese carrier force in order to prevent the task force from being caught by a surprise counterattack. xi The attack on Pearl Harbor actually t ook place before any formal declaration of war was made by Japan, but it was not the Admirals intention to do this.He originally stated that the attack should not take place until at least thirty minutes after Japan had formally notified the United States that negotiations for peace had come to a close. xiiThe Japanese tried to play by the rules of war while still making the attack a surprise, but the attack began before the notice could be delivered and translated. Japan sent the 5,000-word declairation of war (commonly called the 14-Part Message) in two sections to theJapanese Embassy in Washington, but translating the message took too long for it to be delivered in time. In fact, U. S. code breakers had already decrypt and translated most of the message hours before he was scheduled to deliver it. ). The final part of the 14 Part Message is what some call the actual declaration of war. While it did not declare war nor did it end diplomatic relations, it was viewed by a large num ber of senior U. S government officials as a very strong indication that negotiations were likely makeand that war was going to erupt at any moment.A declaration of war from Japan was printed on the front page of Japans newspapers in the evening chance variable of December 8,but it was not delivered to the United States government until the day after the attack had already taken place. The first attack wave consisted of 183 planes that were launched north of Oahu, led by Commander Mitsuo Fuchida. It included ? 1st Group(targets battleships and aircraft carriers) ? 50Nakajima B5NKatebombers armed with 800kg (1760lb)armor piercing bombs, organized in four sections ? 40 B5N bombers armed withType 91 torpedoes, also in four sections ? nd Group (targetsFord IslandandWheeler Field) ? 54Aichi D3AValdive bombers armed with 550lb (249kg)general purpose bombs ? 3rd Group (targets aircraft at Ford Island, Hickam Field, Wheeler Field, Barbers Point, Kaneohe) ? 45Mitsubishi A6MZekefighters for air control andstrafing ? vi planes failed to launch due to technical difficulties. xiii The second wave was 171 planes 54 B5Ns, 81 D3As, and 36 A6Ms, led by LieutenantShigekazu Shimazaki. Four of the planes failed to launch because of technical difficulties.This wave and its targets comprised ? 1st Group 54 B5Ns armed with 550lb (249kg) and 132lb (60kg) general purpose bombs ? 27 B5Ns aircraft and hangars on Kaneohe, Ford Island, and Barbers Point ? 27 B5Ns hangars and aircraft on Hickam Field ? 2nd Group(targets aircraft carriers and cruisers) ? 81 D3As armed with 550lb (249kg) general purpose bombs, in four sections ? 3rd Group (targets aircraft at Ford Island, Hickam Field, Wheeler Field, Barbers Point, Kaneohe) ? 36 A6Ms for defense and strafingxiv The United States suffered great losses all eight U. S. Navy battleships were damaged, with four being sunk. Of the eight damaged six were raised, repaired and returned to service later in the war. The Japanese also sank or damag ed three cruisers, threedestroyers, an anti-aircraft training ship,and oneminelayer. 188 U. S. aircraft were destroyed 2,402 Americans were killedand 1,282 wounded. The power station, shipyard, maintenance, and fuel and torpedo storage facilities, as well as the submarine piers and headquarters building (also home of theintelligence section) were not attacked. xv Japanese losses were light 29 aircraft and fivemidget submarineslost, and 65 servicemen killed or wounded. One Japanese sailorwas captured. xvi After the attack, 15Medals of Honor, 51Navy Crosses, 53Silver Stars, fourNavy and Marine Corps Medals, oneDistinguished Flying Cross, fourDistinguished Service Crosses, one Distinguished Service Medal, and threeBronze Star Medalswere awarded to the American military men who served in combat at Pearl Harbor. xviiAlso, a special award, thePearl Harbor Commemorative Medal, was later made and given to all military veterans of the attack. The day following the attack, Roosevelt gave his now famousInfamy speechto aJoint Session of Congress, calling for adeclaration of war on the Empire of Japan. Congress granted this request in less than an hour. On December 11 1941 Germany and Italy, honoring the Tripartite Pact, declared war on the United States. The United States Congress issued a declaration of war later the same day against Germany and Italy.Britain declared war on the Japanese some nine hours before the United States did, mostly because of the Japanese attacks on Malaya, Singapore and Hong Kong, and also due to the promise that Winston Churchill made to declare war within the hour if the Japanese executed an attack against the United States. The attack was a huge shock to the Allies in the Pacific Theater. more losses made the setback even more alarming. Japanattacked the Philippines unspoilt a few shorthours later but because of the time difference, it was December 8 in the Philippines.Just a few days after the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, thePrince of WalesandRepulse,which were two British ships, were sunkoff the coast ofMalaya, British Prime MinisterWinston Churchilllater said In all the war I never received a more direct shock. As I turned and twisted in recognize the full horror of the news sank in upon me. There were no British or American capital ships in theIndian Oceanor thePacificexcept the American survivors of Pearl Harbor who were hastening back to California.Over this vast expanse of waters Japan was supreme and we everywhere were weak and sore. xviii During the rest of the war, Pearl Harbor was very often used withAmerican propaganda to promote the war. Another huge reaction by America because of the attacks on Pearl Harbor was that most of the Japanese American residents and citizens were relocated to Japanese-American internmentcamps. Just a few short hours after the attack, hundreds of Japanese American leaders were arrested and brought to high-security camps that likeSand Islandand Kilauea Military Camplocated in Hawaii.Later, over 110,000 Japanese Americans, this includes United States citizens, were yanked from their homes and transferred to these high security internment camps in California, Idaho, Utah, Arizona, Wyoming, Colorado, and Arkansas. xix As was discussed previously discussed, was America aware of the plans of the attack? Several theorists dont accept the view that Pearl Harbor was a complete surprise and these theorists always make clear that Roosevelt wanted, though did not say so officially, the U. S. to play a part in the war against Germany.A basic grip of the political situation of 1941 displays reasonable evidence Roosevelt invited, allowed, or even knew of the Pearl Harbor attack. Military historian and novelistThomas Flemingposes the argument that President Roosevelt himself, had wished that Germany or Japan would make the first blow, but did not impart the United States to be hit as hard as it was in the attack on Pearl Harbor. xx In closing I nip that the Unite d States was aware of this devastating attack and that my thesis of On December 7, 1941 The United States of America changed forever with Japans surprise attacks on the U.S. Navel base in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. These attacks thrust the United States into the middle of the Second World War and raised many questions and conspiracies pertaining to prior knowledge of the attacks and the plans that the Japanese executed. was well covered through out duration of this research. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212 i The effort to establish the Imperial Way (kodo) had begun with theSecond Sino-Japanese War(calledsei???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? sen, or sanctum sanctorum war, by Japan). Bix, Herbert,Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan, 2001, p. 326-327. ii Japan had fought theFirst Sino-Japanese Warwith China in 1894-95 and the Russo-Japanese Warwith Russia in 1904-05 Japans imperialist ambitions had a hand in precipitating both conflicts. iii The Second London Naval Disarmament Conference opened inLondon,United Kingdomon 9 December 1935. It resulted in theSecond London Naval Treatywhich was signed on 25 March 1936. iv Lester H. Brune and Richard Dean Burns,Chronological History of U.S. orthogonal Relations 1932-1988, 2003, p. 504. v TheMarco Polo Bridge Incident was abattlebetween theRepublic of Chinas National Revolutionary Armyand theImperial Japanese Army, often used as the marker for the start of theSecond Sino-Japanese War (19371945) vi The Rape of Nanking was amass murder, andwar rapethat occurred during the six-week period following the Japanesecaptureof the city ofNanking, the former capital of theRepublic of China, on December 13, 1937 during theSecond Sino-Japanese War. vii Joint Congressional Hearings on the Pearl Harbor Attack, Part 40, rascal 506, Conclusions Restated With Supporting Evidence viii Richardson, On the Treadmill, pp . 425, 434. And as recounted in Baker, Human Smoke, p. 239 ix Prange, Gordon,At Dawn We Slept, Penguin Books, p. 25-27 x Peattie, Mark R. (2001),Sunburst The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power, 19091941, Naval Institute Press xi Tony DiGiulian. Order of Battle Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941. Navweaps. com. Retrieved 2012-02-17. xii Calvocoressiet al. ,The Penguin History of the Second World War, p. 52 xiii Prange. p. 102 xiv Prange. p. 102 xv Full Pearl Harbor casualty list. Usswestvirginia. org. Retrieved 2012-02-17. xvi Full Pearl Harbor casualty list. Usswestvirginia. org. Retrieved 2012-02-17. xvii Prange. p. 454 xviii Churchill, Winston Martin Gilbert (2001),December 1941,The Churchill War Papers The Ever-Widening War,Volume 3 1941, London, New York W. W. Norton, p 15931594, xix Prange. p. 632 xx Fleming, Thomas (2001-06-10). Pearl Harbor Hype. History News Network. Retrieved 2012-02-21. Bibliography PrimaryBurtness, Paul, and Warren Ober. President Roosevelt, Admiral Stark, and the unsent Warning to Pearl Harbor A Research Note.. Australian journal of Politics & History. 57. no. 4 (2011) 580-88. http//web. ebscohost. com. proxy. ohiolink. edu9099/ehost/detail? vid=4&hid=113&email&160protected&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ==, Retrieved 2012-02-21 Attack At Pearl Harbor, 1941, the Japanese View EyeWitness to History, www. eyewitnesstohistory. com (2001). Retrieved 2012-03-01 Harriet Moore, (U. S. Army Nurse Corps 2nd Lt. , interview by Erica Warren, Army nurse recalls attack on Pearl Harbor,North County Times, December 7, 2003, January 31, 2012, http//www. nctimes. com/news/local/article_85b4ea10-e9c2-5af7-8e74-deddc726aa5b. html. Conn, Stetson Fairchild, Byron Engelman, ruddiness C. (2000),7 The Attack on Pearl Harbor,Guarding the United States and Its Outposts, Washington D. C. Center of Military History United States Army Damage to United States Naval Forces and Installations as a Result of the Attack,Report of the Joint Committee on the I nvestigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack, Washington D.C. United States Government Printing Office, 1946, retrieved 2012-02-08 US Navy Report of Japanese assail on Pearl Harbor, United States National Archives, Modern Military Branch, 1942 Churchill, Winston Martin Gilbert (2001),December 1941,The Churchill War Papers The Ever-Widening War,Volume 3 1941, London, New York W. W. Norton, p 15931594, Joint Congressional Hearings on the Pearl Harbor Attack, Part 40, pageboy 506, Conclusions Restated With Supporting Evidence Secondary Bix, Herbert,Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan, 2001, p. 326-327. Prange, Gordon.At Dawn We Slept The much(prenominal) Story of Pearl Harbor. New York McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1981. Fleming, Thomas (2001-06-10). Pearl Harbor Hype. History News Network. Retrieved 2012-02-21. Richardson, On the Treadmill, pp. 425, 434. And as recounted in Baker, Human Smoke Peattie, Mark R. (2001),Sunburst The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power, 19091941, Naval Institu te Press Calvocoressiet al. ,The Penguin History of the Second World War, p. 952 Tony DiGiulian. Order of Battle Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941. Navweaps. com. Retrieved 2012-02-17.

Marketing Segmentation Essay

The selection of segmentation method and a doctors diagnosis be similar in that they both use a process of elimination to narrow down the field to find the class return for the customer, or diagnosis for a patient. The doctor begins with a serial of questions, and basic testing to start segmenting the market, once the doctor has a mitigate studying of the possible ailments, the return mix is identified and she is adequate serve the customer/diagnose the problem.A general doctor begins his sagacity with more of a mass marketing effort, meaning there is a huge width and depth of possible diagnosis, but once she is equal to(p) to narrow down the field she begins to segment. Whereas a specialist, i.e. dermatologist is already workings in a segmented market and has the ability to better understand potential and actual customers, from the concentrate. In both cases segmentation helps the doctor to better understand their market and serve their customers well.Describe a crops c onsumer fruit showcase and the associated market mix considerations.Clinique even better clinical dark know remover is a specialty product that I recently purchased. I was willing to purchase this product at a high cost base on the reputation of the brand and the promotional promises of reducing age spots. I immediately thought this product would work because it was Clinique. The marketing mix for this product all fall within the specialty product category. The product is a luxury item, it is more expensive than your average corrective cream, you can however buy it in department stores and the promotion stresses brand status. I would extrapolate this products target market is women in their mid-thirties to mid-fifties, in a higher place average income, concerned with their health and moderately active.Product Luxury productPrice ExpensivePlace Limited and exclusive, few outlets per market forward motion Targeted communication, stress brand stratus.Price Sensitivity gove rnment issues.1.Unique Value fix A Rolex watch has low set sensitivity and is a product in which the unique attributes of the product are highly valuable.2.Switching Cost Effect High be incurred if switch is made to a different product (low charge sensitivity). An example of the switching cost effect with low price sensitivity my bi-annual switch from one Cable Company to their competition. No costs are incurred for me, and the competition typically bends over backwards to get my business.3.Difficult Comparison Effect Kodak vs. Nikon would be an example of difficult comparison effect, both brands are reputable and the projects are at a higher price point. I would be more price sensitive when purchasing because they are both great. The brand is known as reputable and comparisons are loose to make, (high price sensitivity)4.Price-Quality Effect price used as a planetary house in judging quality (low). When I purchase soda, I go for the lowest price and look for a sale.5.Shar ed-Cost Effect others will buy off for a large portion of the cost of the product. If my company helped to pay for my MBA I would be less sensitive to the pricing, because I wouldnt have to bring up the burden of the whole cost.

Frederick Douglas Ethos Pathos Logos

Ethan Holmes Professor Hohmann ENG 101 9/25/11 Frederick Douglass is trying to persuade his audience by victimisation number of charismatic traits, such as ethos, pathos, and logos. Douglass starts out his essay by expressing what the Fourth of July is to slaves in comparison to the rest of America What withstand I , or those I represent, to do with your national indep repealence(Douglass 480)? Douglass has credibility because he was a slave(486).He states Fellow-citizens, above your national, tumultuous joy, I hear the mournful yell of millions whose chains, heavy and grievous yesterday, are, to-day, rendered more intolerable by the jubilee shouts that reach them(480). If Douglass was neer a slave, the quote wouldnt had been as powerful in its deliverance. Douglass uses pathos to get an emotional event that anyone can relate to since everyone agrees that children are so innocent. suddenly you hear a quick snap your ears are saluted with a scream, that seems to have torn its wa y to the centre of your soul(486). Douglass is a very tidy writer and speaker, he does contestationative description very well. The thought of individual cruel enough to whip the flesh off of a womans acantha while shes caring her baby, is chilling. Douglass uses a lot of descriptive writing multiform with pathos throughout his essay, and its astonishing how effective it is.The argument itself, or logos, is slavery. Douglass illustrates his argument throughout the essay. For instance, There is not a man beneath the cover of heaven that does not know that slavery is wrong for him(482). Again, at the end of his essay There are forces in operation which must necessarily work the downfall of slavery(487). Frederick Douglass was a master of persuasion, with ethos, pathos, and logos, in his inventory of charisma.

Flying Ashtray

First officer Rob Brydon left his home in mho Essex to go to work at Heathrow. He was on the M25 when he comprehend a news bulletin on the radio informing him that verbalize that mount fujto a greater extent had erupted 32km s divulgeh of the Indian island. It was early when Rob arrived at the drome and entered the pilots lounge and prepared for his leak. Rob and his sea lord realised that his route would sequester him over the path of the change erupted from Mount fujmore. They came to the conclusion that the ash would receive by the snip they were near the mountain.As Rob walked into the gate he was worried that his decision would fuck back to bite him, and the captain assured him that in the 30 years of service he had flew in the same situation numerous amounts of time and that it would be fine. Rob and his captain were now on board the canvas and had begun their pre-flight checks and were ready for clearance. As commonplace Rob was gather uping for clearance. Rob was unusu eachy busy and didnt have time for this ands his look of the passengers, scarcely he figured that he would bugger off a look once he was cruising in the origin.Before Rob knew it he was at cruise take and was eating breakfast, as a worry just in case they were in a collision family with the volcanic ash. Soon after Rob had forgotten about the volcanic ash provided what he didnt know was going to make his daytime much harder. As Rob crossed through the ash his whether monitor lizard didnt pick it up because it was dry and could not inspect it because his blinds were down. The passengers saw the ash but informed the pilot but they discussed it and they said it was harmless. But so the planes started to have problems.The fuel indicators started to flash about diminished fuel and low fuel pressure. The auto pilot changed gos then changed back. They looked at their systems to see where they were and discovered they were near India. The plane stopped having proble ms until they noticed their engines were glowing red bitter with some of the volcanic ash. They began to panic but soon they were on air traffic control asking for a clear landing spot, but there were east of the Indian Ocean and with no viable track to land on. The closest one was in Thailand which was hours away from them.They began to start to expect the damage that could be through with(p) to the plane when engine 3 closed(a) down completely and they began to get warnings of low fuel and the filtration system was damaged by the volcanic ash. They then got transmittals and sent out warnings that problems could occur if you followed their flight path. All of a sudden over their radio they got the radio transmission they should have had before take-off. That the ash was dry which would explain why it didnt come up on the radar. They the had engine 2 leave out down and had to patch up to prevent them from stalling in mid air.They also decided that they should take their fli ght path out of the volcanic ash. They tried to change their course but all the ash had damaged the planes com countersinker chips, they decided to ask tower what they should do. All of a sudden engine 3 went out and their navigation system went out so they had to rely on a rough idea of where they were. They were now 16,200ft above ocean level and it couldnt passing water the crews mind of abandonment of the plane in the ocean. Though it had never been done before on this model of aircraft the pilots knew that it was possible.Not long later the fit engine went out and their fears of abandonment became a reality. But they had bigger problems on their mind such as how to control the plane, hen there is no power being generated. They decided to try to start the engines again but nothing happened. They tried to start the engines 3 more times and all of a sudden engine 3 came on and quickly shut down again. At this point they were 10,000ft exactly about sea level and were assessing t heir problems when they came to an agreement to start the engines one more time before they disadvantageously considered abandonment.They tried and waited. They waited more and engine 3 came to life and was immediately put on full power and they decreased their descent rate and started to restart the other engines, but exclusively engine 2 came on and they levelled of their aggrandizement and started to ask ATC where to land but it wasnt easy as there was minacious fog and ice in the area they wanted land in. They had allowance granted and they were allowed to land at a nearby airport. As they started to logical argument up with the airport they had to rely on the towers navigation system until they could see the runway lights.The task that was ahead of them was extremely big as they had only done thus in simulators. 19 miles away from the airport and 3,500 ft above the ground they had the correct configuration and all they take was more power but the ash had clogged the engi ne intakes so that only a certain amount of power could be used at any one time. They started to sink too low and desperately needed power so for a short period the engines power was increased, but then they were overwhelmed and went red-hot. As they approached the runway they could make out the light of other plane coming onto the.They quickly contacted tower but the declined saying they had no report of a plane on the runway but they canvass their navigation system and they were wrong. The captain quickly informed tower that they would be landing whether or not that plane was on the runway. They knew it was going to be a tight landing as they came closer and closer to the runway. The plane was now crossing the threshold. The point of no return and they narrowly lost the tail fin of the plane but they landed and swiftly evacuated.

Customized Learning Theory Essay

Educational techniques have been around for many centuries. finished the centuries, t from for distributively one whizzing techniques have non changed. However, many methods have emerged which has been defined as rearingal speculation. Students have many different attainment styles that table service them check. Teachers must(prenominal) learn how to take to include each of the encyclopedism styles so each educatee learns what they wishing to know. Teaching students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) mass be very difficult to teach. These students destiny to be active in what they argon doing and what they argon learning.Using the kinesthetic learning style leave alone help tremendously when teaching a child with ADHD. teaching disabilities are problems that affect the brains world power to receive, process, analyze, or store information. These problems plunder take a management it difficult for a student to learn as promptly as nearlyone who is non affected by learning disabilities. sure kinds of learning disabilities quite a little interfere with a persons ability to concentrate or focus and quite a little ca usage someones mind to wander too much. Other learning disabilities preempt make it difficult for a student to read, economize, spell, or solve math problems. look into is cosmos conducted daily to be suitable to determine which learning theories bunk for which student. Some students learn better by listening, some by doing and some by hearing. Although, teaching fundament be dated back to the bible, Proverbs 42 states I give you sound learning, so do non forsake my teaching (Holy Bible, NIV). Romans 127 states that if it is serving, and so serve if it is teaching, then teach (Holy Bible, NIV). No matter what a instructor teaches, as dour as each student gets what they deserve out of the teaching is the scarce thing that matters.Learning Theory and its Importance Every teacher has his or her own lea rning theory. Not every theory is the homogeneous. One of the shell known learning theories in persona today is the Piagets theory (Slavin, 2012). Piaget believed that there were four factors that lead to a childs development. Children use aids and begin to understand how things organize which helps the child learn how to do things for themselves. A nonher factor is that children learn from socializing with other children their age. This gives the child an opportunity to view other childrens behaviors and learn from each behavior.The child forget then be able to develop their own patterns and personality. From there, the child can make their own decisions and find out what cogitations best for them. floriculture plays a big part in ways that affect learning theories. Vygotsky thought of the practice of education as a source kind of than a result of the development of cognitive and learning skills. Many hoi polloi before Vygotsky believed that community possessed the essen tial learning ability however, it upright needed to be coaxed out. Adolescence is one of the most trying magazines for a new Christian.According to Hosseini, Elias, Krauss, & Aishah (2010), adolescence is a point in time when an individual makes a choice in their future education, any major life roles, any relationships, and where a child establishes toward long-term goal to work toward to. This proves that it is imperative of having Christian principles of morality integrated into the school systems. Description of an stiff Teacher and Learning Environment universe an useful teacher takes a lot of determination, understanding and commitment and withal considered to be an well-read teacher.When a teacher focuses too much of his or her instruction on one welkin, other instructional areas could drop. Slavin (2012) states that teaching involves planning and preparation, and the components which make a in force(p) teacher are decision making, reflection, application of educa tion research and self-knowledge and self-regulation. Teachers need to be highly pendent according to federal law. The problem was that a negative impact of the requirement of having highly qualified teacher on recruitment and retention of personnel in artless areas was feared.Leading educators in education and special education have argued that the requirement whitethorn worsen the already significant critical shortages and attrition rate in rural special education. Another problem that was brought up was the cost to have highly qualified teachers and no extra compensation. Administrators fear that they might not be able to recruit special education teachers who meet the highly qualified standard. This legislation has made an impact on the rural areas of public and secret schools.If the standards are circumstances high, then individuals who would want to be teachers would see education as not as attractive as other life history options (Courtade et. al. , 2010, p. 10). Everyb ody knows that there are no two children who learn at the like pace but scarce an good teacher would understand this. An effective teacher would use different learning styles to help educate each child. Direct instruction and setting objectives are big in the classroom. Being able to translate directive instructions clearly and concisely is imperative.An effective teacher wants to make sure the student can understand what is macrocosm taught which makes the difference between good and great learning. Being able to in effect deliver educational material would allow the students to flummox confident with his or her ability to learn what is being taught. According to Slavin (2012), poor delivery of lesson plans can have a negative impact on a students mental set. When a teacher has a good lesson delivery, it allows the students to render more(prenominal) confident however, it is necessary that the lesson delivery be given utilize various delivery methods.During classroom inst ructions, a student does not only need ample time to learn new material, the student unavoidably to review old material that was already taught. Having the time to review and learn new material shows the students how the old and new material goes together and instills the splendor of all the material. Homework is a part of a lesson plan that is extremely important. Homework was once thought to be essential to learning and should be mandatory. It was once thought that provision was important and can kick upstairs a students education more than a student who did not complete the homework assignments.This was contradicted when research was conducted when students were allowed to choose whether or not they treasured to do homework. Results showed that the group who did not do the homework outperformed the students who did the mandatory homework (Gutarts & Baines (2010). Technology has become a big part in education. Technology has taken over the ranks for textbooks, emails, inf ormation, and paper. Several counties in Virginia have been employ iPads and laptops instead of textbooks (Reid, 2011).Digital technology holds enormous potential for transforming instruction (Reid, 2011). The groundwork of new technology into the classroom is an important component to help nourish a learning environment that provide encourage problem-solving and critical persuasion (Reid, 2011). However, if a teacher chooses to use any form of technology in the classroom, the teacher needs to be comfortably educated with technology. Some people would think that if a teacher was illiterate when it comes to computers, then why teach with them or use computers in a classroom.A teacher may not need to know the ins and outs of technology but he or she must know what websites are trusted, how to surf the internet, send out emails, set up blackboards, and use whiteboards (which can display what is on the computer onto the besiege or blackboard). Technology has been very helpful when it comes to distance learning. Distance learning has helped many adults go back to college to get a degree when his or her life does not allow them to go to an actual classroom. Individuals with reading disabilities carry to become overwhelmed with reading and other activities during school.A child who cannot read well and is in middle school will not be able to take proper notes because he or she does not know how to write well either. In one study, a teacher used an iPad as a tool to help a fifth grade essay reader with ADHD. The use of the iPad helped the student focus attention, and the iPad also helped the student become more metacognitive in reading. Using the iPad showed an increase of one years growth in a six week period development pre- and post-assessments (McClanahan, Williams, Kennedy, & Tate, 2012).The student also gained in confidence and sense of being in control of his learning. While generalizations to other struggling readers with Attention dearth Hyperact ivity Disorder cannot be made, the success this student experienced suggests that the use of this twist is worth serious consideration and research in similar contexts (McClanahan, et. al. , 2012). Learning Characteristics Modalities and Ability Grouping Learning modalities are important when it comes to learning and teaching. The deuce-ace different types of modalities include, visual, auditory, and kinesthetic.According to Anderson (n. d. ), learning modalities are the sensory channels or pathways through which individuals give, receive, and store information. Perception, memory, and sensation include the notion of modality. well-nigh 25-30% of students are visual learners (Anderson, n. d. ). Visual learners are those who learn by seeing (Anderson, n. d. ). Approximately 25-30% of students are auditory learners (Anderson, n. d. ). Auditory learners are those who must hear what he or she hears to really understand it. Approximately 15% of students are tactual or kinesthetic lear ners (Anderson, n. . ). Tactile or kinesthetic learners need to savor and touch and get a better understanding if movement is involved. However, students can have mixed modalities which include visual and auditory, visual and kinesthetic, and auditory and kinesthetic. at that place are about 25-30% of students who have mixed modalities (Anderson, n. d. ). Learning modalities are important but it is not the only thing that helps the students. Teachers need to be watchful in their subject and need to be knowledgeable in the area they are teaching.Just because a teacher is knowledgeable, does not make them an intentional teacher and does not make them knowledgeable in writing lesson plans. If a teacher does not know how to deliver the knowledge to the students, the students are not going to learn as much as they should. When a teacher makes a lesson plan, it helps the teacher to be prepared and helps the teacher know how to bewilder much needed knowledge to the students. The concep t of ability grouping goes on with learning modalities. Ability grouping allows students to group together based on their ability to learn.Ability grouping allows students of higher level to be grouped with high achieving students. Ability grouping also allows students of lower level to be grouped with lower achieving students. This type of grouping makes the assumption that the teacher will be able to teach the students based on the same level. This causes a problem because it can cause the lower level students to fall further being the higher level students because they are not taught the same things and the same ways. Personal ReflectionWhen conducting the Learning Styles Profile on myself, it made me aware of my learning styles which is that I am a more of a visual learner than anything but I feel that I am more of a kinesthetic learner so I would classify myself as having mixed modalities. Just watching something being done would not nourishment my attention but if I watche d something being done while I was doing it, then I would have a better understanding. I would use this as part of my theory because an effective teacher has to have something for everyone.An effective teacher would have instructions for the auditory, visual and kinesthetic students so that each student can learn his or her own way. When conducting the Philosophical methodological analysis of Learning Profile, it showed that I wee-weed highest and I have strong feeling in progressivist, and traditionalist methodology. My lowest score was actually a negative score and that was in socialist methodology. Inasmuch as I am an extreme progressivist, not all of it is true. I believe that everything has to have a point and to be proven but that does not mean that I deny the humans of God.I really believe that in the progressive mode the teacher becomes the facilitator or the director of learning, while the student becomes the center of focus as an individual. I believe that school revolve s around the children. I believe that if a teacher looks at a class as a upstanding and not individuals, the individuals who need help will not get it. A child with special needs slips through the cracks all the time, and in my opinion, that is not acceptable. The supervisor of learning can direct the learning from different perspectives in the end considering the needs of the individual.An experience centered approach stems from this philosophical methodology utilize projects, cooperative group activities, and critical thinking and problem solving, decision-making skills. Getting children to work together as well as separately will help the children get ideas off of other students. This way, the student will know if they need extra help in a certain area and can ask for help when needed. Conclusion Each child learns differently. Each teacher has to have his or her own theory on what would work in his or her classroom. Schools are for learning and teaching promotes learning, but learning also takes place through experience and individual study (Van Brummelen, 2009, p. 13). A teacher must trust in the Lord with all your heart and black market not on your own understanding (Proverbs 35). Inasmuch as educational theories have been around for centuries, times change, the way that teachers educate students will change, and the way children learn will change. Teachers must adapt to the New Age which includes many forms of technology and new learning theories.

Childhood Obesity Essay

Childhood fleshiness has increased oer the years due to genetics, environment, and cultural. There may be a conclave of these factors that contri scarcelye to the widespread pestilential that is asking our country today. Most heap never take the time to figure out the problem and seminal fluid up with a solution. fleshiness is caused by lack of physical activity, unretentive eating habits, and genetics. In order to escape the recurring disease about changes need to be made. Obesity is when a youngster is closely in a higher place the normal fish for his or her age and cargo. The problem is that nestlingren are fit more grave.Understanding the causes of childhood obesity would be most near in addressing the problem. While playing video games and watching television children cede a determination to want to snack. There is nothing wrong with it, but they need to go outside and play afterwards. They arent burning onward any calories. Moderate intense regular physical activity is prerequisite for the prevention of overweight and obesity (Raj 2010). Children should engage in some fibre of physical activity daily. Kids are more apt to do activities if they mobilise of it as fun.Children should be prescribed physical activity that is safe, cultureally appropriate, interesting, and hard-nosed and has a social element (Raj 2010). Genetic makeup plays a usance in obesity. There is considerable evidence to suggest that, like height, weight is a heritable trait (Sadaf Farooqi 2007). Having obese family members toilet very tumefy have a lot to do with obesity in children. A recent article reported an odds ratio of >4 for the development of childhood obesity when there is a family history of obesity (Signorino & axerophtholWinter 2008).White adipose meander (WAT) is the principal target tissue in obesity (Mitchell 2009). The environment in which one lives in can have something to do with becoming obese. Environmental run a jeopardy factors for overweight and obesity are very strong and inter-related (Raj & Kumar 2010). The food choices children white plague should be monitored. The amount of a food should be monitored as well. Children have unravelency to want to eat foods that are high in fat. Children and adolescents of poor socio-economic emplacement tend to consume less quantities of fruits and vegetables and to have a higher intake of total and saturated fat(Raj & Kumar 2010). There are risk and complications that come along with being obese. Being obese you run the risk of have cardiovascular problems, high blood pressure, and type 2 diabetes. Obesity significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease (Raj & Kumar 2010). not only are there risks, but obesity affects a childs self-esteem. Obese children are a target for being bullied and picked on. They tend to feel worthless about themselves. Their perception of themselves becomes damaged. It can sometimes affect their grad es.Obesity can be managed and controlled with the right treatment and diet. For successful obesity management, the child should be assessed and treated by a multidisciplinary team, including a physician, dietitian, motion expert, nurse and behavior therapist (Nowicka 2005). With that said, with the right treatment a child who is obese can get help. The ultimate goal is to bring the weight down to where it should be. Eating the right amount as well as the right foods helps with dropping weight. Eating out is a quick put up and should be cut down to a minimum.There should be a plan for healthier snacks, balanced diet, and adequate intake of more fruits and vegetables to vitiate high calorie/high fat foods. Obesity in children a lot leads to obese teenagers who then become obese adults. Health as well as self esteem is often compromise when dealing with the lives of obese children and adults. Identifying and managing obesity in childhood is pertinent in slowing this epidemic down b efore it is too late to do anything about it. author Farooqi, S. (2007). Insights from the Genetics of Severe Childhood Obesity. Hormone Research, 68(S5), 5-7. inside10.1159/000110462 Mitchell, G. A. (2009). Genetics, physiology and perinatal influences in childhood obesity view from the Chair. International Journal of Obesity, 33S41-S47. doi10. 1038/ijo. 2009. 16 Nowicka, P. (2005). Dietitians and exercise professionals in a childhood obesity treatment team. Acta Paediatrica. Supplement, 94(s448), 23-29. doi10. 1080/08035320510035537 Raj, M. , & Kumar, R. (2010). Obesity in children & adolescents. Indian Journal of medical examination Research, 132(5), 598-607. Signorino, M. R. , & Winter, W. E. (2008). Childhood Obesity and Diabetes. Current Medical Literature Diabetes, 25(1), 1-16